LM4030AMF-2.5/NOPB - NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR

LM4030

LM4030 SOT-23 Ultra-High Precision Shunt Voltage Reference

Literature Number: SNVS552A

May 30, 2008

LM4030

SOT-23 Ultra-High Precision Shunt Voltage Reference

General Description

The LM4030 is an ultra-high precision shunt voltage refer-

ence, having exceptionally high initial accuracy (0.05%) and

temperature stability (10ppm/°C). The LM4030 is available

with fixed voltage options of 2.5V and 4.096V. Despite the tiny

SOT23 package, the LM4030 exhibits excellent thermal hys-

teresis (75ppm) and long-term stability (40ppm) as well as

immunity to board stress effects.

The LM4030 is designed to operate without an external ca-

pacitor, but any capacitor up to 10µF may be used. The

LM4030 can be powered off as little as 120µA (max) but is

capable of shunting up to 30mA continuously. As with any

shunt reference, the LM4030 can be powered off of virtually

any supply and is a simple way to generate a highly accurate

system reference.

The LM4030 is available in three grades (A, B, and C). The

best grade devices (A) have an initial accuracy of 0.05% with

guaranteed temperature coefficient of 10 ppm/°C or less,

while the lowest grade parts (C) have an initial accuracy of

0.15% and a temperature coefficient of 30 ppm/°C.

Features

■High output voltage accuracy 0.05%

■Low temperature coefficient 10 ppm/°C

■Extended temperature operation -40-125°C

■Excellent thermal hysteresis, 75ppm

■Excellent long-term stability, 40ppm

■High immunity to board stress effects

■Capable of handling 50 mA transients

■Voltage options 2.5V, 4.096V

■SOT23-5 Package

Applications

■Data Acquisition/Signal path

■Test and Measurement

■Automotive & Industrial

■Communications

■Instrumentation

■Power Management

Typical Application Circuit

30046301

Connection Diagram

Top View

30046302

SOT23-5 Package

NS Package Number MF05A

LM4030 SOT-23 Ultra-High Precision Shunt Voltage Reference

Ordering Information

Input Output Voltage Accuracy at

25°C And Temperature Coefficient

LM4030 Supplied as 1000

units, Tape and Reel

LM4030 Supplied as 3000 units,

Tape and Reel

Part Marking

0.05%, 10 ppm/°C max (A grade) LM4030AMF-2.5 LM4030AMFX-2.5 R5JA

LM4030AMF-4.096 LM4030AMFX4.096 R5KA

0.10%, 20 ppm/°C max (B grade) LM4030BMF-2.5 LM4030BMFX-2.5 R5JB

LM4030BMF-4.096 LM4030BMFX4.096 R5KB

0.15%, 30 ppm/°C max (C grade) LM4030CMF-2.5 LM4030CMFX-2.5 R5JC

LM4030CMF-4.096 LM4030CMFX4.096 R5KC

Pin Descriptions

Pin # Name Function

1 N/C No connect pin, leave floating

2 GND, N/C Ground or no connect

3 N/C No connect pin, leave floating

4 VREF Reference voltsge

5 GND Ground

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LM4030

Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)

If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,

please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/

Distributors for availability and specifications.

Maximum Voltage on any input -0.3 to 6V

Power Dissipation (TA = 25°C)

(Note 2) 350mW

Storage Temperature Range −65°C to 150°C

Lead Temperature (soldering, 10sec) 260°C

Vapor Phase (60 sec) 215°C

Infrared (15sec) 220°C

ESD Susceptibility (Note 3)

Human Body Model 2kV

Operating Ratings

Maximum Continuous Shunt Current 30mA

Maximum Shunt Current (<1s) 50mA

Junction Temperature Range (TJ) −40°C to

+125°C

Electrical Characteristics

LM4030-2.5 (VOUT = 2.5V) Limits in standard type are for TJ = 25°C only, and limits in boldface type apply over

the junction temperature (TJ) range of -40°C to +125°C. Minimum and Maximum limits are guaranteed through test, design, or

statistical correlation. Typical values represent the most likely parametric norm at TJ = 25°C, and are provided for reference

purposes only.

Symbol Parameter Conditions Min

(Note 4)

Typ

(Note 5)

Max

(Note 4)

Unit

VREF Reverse Breakdown Voltage ISHUNT = 120µA 2.5 V

Reverse Breakdown Voltage Tolerance (ISHUNT = 120µA)

LM4030A-2.5 (A Grade - 0.05%) -0.05 0.05 %

LM4030B-2.5 (B Grade - 0.10%) -0.10 0.10 %

LM4030C-2.5 (C Grade - 0.15%) -0.15 0.15 %

IRMIN Minimum Operating Current 120 µA

TC Temperature Coefficient (Note 6)

LM4030A-2.5 0°C ≤ TJ ≤ + 85°C 10 ppm / °C

-40°C ≤ TJ ≤ +125°C 20 ppm / °C

LM4030B-2.5 -40°C ≤ TJ ≤ +125°C 20 ppm / °C

LM4030C-2.5 -40°C ≤ TJ ≤ +125°C 30 ppm / °C

ΔVREF/ΔISHUNT Reverse Breakdown Voltage Change

with Current

160µA ≤ ISHUNT ≤ 30mA 25 110 ppm / mA

ΔVREF Long Term Stability (Note 7) 1000 Hrs, TA = 30°C 40 ppm

VHYST Thermal Hysteresis (Note 8) -40°C ≤ TJ ≤ +125°C 75 ppm

VNOutput Noise Voltage (Note 9) 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz 105 µVPP

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LM4030

Electrical Characteristics

LM4030-4.096 (VOUT = 4.096V) Limits in standard type are for TJ = 25°C only, and limits in boldface type apply

over the junction temperature (TJ) range of -40°C to +125°C. Minimum and Maximum limits are guaranteed through test, design,

or statistical correlation. Typical values represent the most likely parametric norm at TJ = 25°C, and are provided for reference

purposes only.

Symbol Parameter Conditions Min

(Note

Typ

(Note

Max

(Note 4)

Unit

VREF Reverse Breakdown Voltage ISHUNT = 130µA 4.096 V

Reverse Breakdown Voltage Tolerance ( ISHUNT = 130µA)

LM4030A-4.096 (A Grade - 0.05%) -0.05 0.05 %

LM4030B-4.096 (B Grade - 0.10%) -0.10 0.10 %

LM4030C-4.096 (C Grade - 0.15%) -0.15 0.15 %

IRMIN Minimum Operating Current 130 µA

TC Temperature Coefficient (Note 6)

LM4030A-4.096 0°C ≤ TJ ≤ + 85°C 10 ppm / °C

-40°C ≤ TJ ≤ +125°C 20 ppm / °C

LM4030B-4.096 -40°C ≤ TJ ≤ +125°C 20 ppm / °C

LM4030C-4.096 -40°C ≤ TJ ≤ +125°C 30 ppm / °C

ΔVREF/ΔILOAD Reverse Breakdown Voltage

Change with Current

160µA ≤ ISHUNT ≤ 30mA 15 95 ppm / mA

ΔVREF Long Term Stability (Note 7) 1000 Hrs, TA = 30°C 40 ppm

VHYST Thermal Hysteresis (Note 8) -40°C ≤ TJ ≤ +125°C 75 ppm

VNOutput Noise Voltage (Note 9) 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz 165 µVPP

Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage may occur to the device. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is

intended to be functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits. For guaranteed specifications, see Electrical Characteristics.

Note 2: Without PCB copper enhancements. The maximum power dissipation must be de-rated at elevated temperatures and is limited by TJMAX (maximum

junction temperature), θJ-A (junction to ambient thermal resistance) and TA (ambient temperature). The maximum power dissipation at any temperature is:

PDissMAX = (TJMAX - TA) /θJ-A up to the value listed in the Absolute Maximum Ratings. θJ-A for SOT23-5 package is 220°C/W, TJMAX = 125°C.

Note 3: The human body model is a 100 pF capacitor discharged through a 1.5 kΩ resistor into each pin.

Note 4: Limits are 100% production tested at 25°C. Limits over the operating temperature range are guaranteed through correlation using Statistical Quality

Control.

Note 5: Typical numbers are at 25°C and represent the most likely parametric norm.

Note 6: Temperature coefficient is measured by the "Box" method; i.e., the maximum ΔVREF is divided by the maximum ΔT.

Note 7: Long term stability is VREF @25°C measured during 1000 hrs. This measurement is taken for IR = 500 µA.

Note 8: Thermal hysteresis is defined as the change in +25°C output voltage before and after cycling the device from (-40°C to 125°C) eight times.

Note 9: Low frequency peak-to-peak noise measured using first-order 0.1 Hz HPF and second-order 10 Hz LPF.

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LM4030

Typical Performance Characteristics for 2.5V

Output Voltage vs Temperature

30046332

0.1 - 10 Hz Peak-to-Peak Noise

30046303

Start Up - 120 µA

30046304

Start Up - 50 mA

30046305

Reverse Breakdown Voltage Change with Current

30046314

Reverse Dynamic Impedance vs Frequency

30046340

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LM4030

Typical Performance Characteristics for 4.096V

Output Voltage vs Temperature

30046349

0.1 - 10 Hz Peak-to-Peak Noise

30046306

Start Up - 130 µA

30046307

Start Up - 50 mA

30046308

Reverse Breakdown Voltage Change with Current

30046312

Reverse Dynamic Impedance vs Frequency

30046341

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LM4030

Typical Performance Characteristics

Forward Characteristic

30046311

Load Transient Response

30046313

Minimum Operating Current

30046316

Noise Spectrum

30046317

Thermal Hysteresis Distribution

30046330

Output Voltage vs Thermal Cycle (-40°C to 125°C)

30046351

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LM4030

Long Term Stability (TA = 25°C)

30046347

Long Term Stability (TA =125°C)

30046348

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LM4030

Application Information

THEORY OF OPERATION

The LM4030 is an ultra-high precision shunt voltage refer-

ence, having exceptionally high initial accuracy (0.05%) and

temperature stability (10ppm/°C). The LM4030 is available

with fixed voltage options of 2.5V and 4.096V. Despite the tiny

SOT23 package, the LM4030 exhibits excellent thermal hys-

teresis (75ppm) and long-term stability (25ppm). The LM4030

is designed to operate without an external capacitor, but any

capacitor up to 10 µF may be used. The LM4030 can be pow-

ered off as little as 120 µA (max) but is capable of shunting

up to 30 mA continuously. The typical application circuit for

the LM4030 is shown in Figure 1.

30046301

FIGURE 1. Typical Application Circuit

COMPONENT SELECTION

A resistor must be chosen to set the maximum operating cur-

rent for the LM4030 (RZ in Figure 1). The value of the resistor

can be calculated using the following equation:

RZ = (VIN - VREF)/(IMIN_OPERATING + ILOAD_MAX)

RZ is chosen such that the total current flowing through RZ is

greater than the maximum load current plus the minimum op-

erating current of the reference itself. This ensures that the

reference is never starved for current. Running the LM4030

at higher currents is advantageous for reducing noise. The

reverse dynamic impedance of the VREF node scales inverse-

ly with the shunted current (see Figure 2) leading to higher

rejection of noise emanating from the input supply and from

EMI (electro-magnetic interferrence).

30046346

FIGURE 2. Reverse Dynamic Impedance vs IOUT

The LM4030 is designed to operate with or without a bypass

capacitor (COUT in Figure 1) and is stable with capacitors of

up to 10 μF. The use of a bypass capacitor can improve tran-

sient response and reduce broadband noise. Additionally, a

bypass capacitor will counter the rising reverse dynamic

impedance at higher frequencies improving noise immunity

(see Figure 3).

30046345

FIGURE 3. Reverse Dynamic Impedance vs COUT

As with other regulators, an external capacitor reduces the

amplitude of the VREF transient when a sudden change in

loading takes place. The capacitor should be placed as close

to the part as possible to reduce the effects of unwanted board

parasitics.

THERMAL HYSTERESIS

Thermal hysteresis is the defined as the change in output

voltage at 25°C after some deviation from 25°C. This is to say

that thermal hysteresis is the difference in output voltage be-

tween two points in a given temperature profile. An illustrative

temperature profile is shown in Figure 4.

30046318

FIGURE 4. Illustrative Temperature Profile

This may be expressed analytically as the following:

Where

VHYS = Thermal hysteresis expressed in ppm

VREF = Nominal preset output voltage

VREF1 = VREF before temperature fluctuation

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LM4030

VREF2 = VREF after temperature fluctuation.

The LM4030 features a low thermal hysteresis of 75 ppm

(typical) from -40°C to 125°C after 8 temperature cycles.

TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT

Temperature drift is defined as the maximum deviation in out-

put voltage over the temperature range. This deviation over

temperature may be illustrated as shown in Figure 5.

30046320

FIGURE 5. Illustrative VREF vs Temperature Profile

Temperature coefficient may be expressed analytically as the

following:

TD = Temperature drift

VREF = Nominal preset output voltage

VREF_MIN = Minimum output voltage over operating

temperature range

VREF_MAX = Maximum output voltage over operating

temperature range

ΔT = Operating temperature range.

The LM4030 features a low temperature drift of 10ppm (max)

to 30ppm (max), depending on the grade.

DYNAMIC OFFSET CANCELLATION AND LONG TERM

STABILITY

Aside from initial accuracy and drift performance, other spec-

ifications such as thermal hysteresis and long-term stability

can affect the accuracy of a voltage reference, especially over

the lifetime of the application. The reference voltage can also

shift due to board stress once the part is mounted onto the

PCB and during subsequent thermal cycles. Generally, these

shifts in VREF arise due to offsets between matched devices

within the regulation loop. Both passive and active devices

naturally experience drift over time and stress and tempera-

ture gradients across the silicon die also generate offset. The

LM4030 incorporates a dynamic offset cancellation scheme

which compensates for offsets developing within the regula-

tion loop. This gives the LM4030 excellent long-term stability

(40 ppm typical) and thermal hysteresis performance (75ppm

typical), as well as substantial immunity to PCB stress effects,

despite being packaged in a tiny SOT23.

EXPRESSION OF ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Electrical characteristics are typically expressed in mV, ppm,

or a percentage of the nominal value. Depending on the ap-

plication, one expression may be more useful than the other.

To convert one quantity to the other one may apply the fol-

lowing:

ppm to mV error in output voltage:

Where:

VREF is in volts (V) and VERROR is in milli-volts (mV).

Bit error (1 bit) to voltage error (mV):

VREF is in volts (V), VERROR is in milli-volts (mV), and n is the

number of bits.

mV to ppm error in output voltage:

Where:

VREF is in volts (V) and VERROR is in milli-volts (mV).

Voltage error (mV) to percentage error (percent):

Where:

VREF is in volts (V) and VERROR is in milli-volts (mV).

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LM4030

PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD and LAYOUT

CONSIDERATIONS

The LM4030 has a very small change in reverse voltage with

current (25ppm/mA typical) so large variations in load current

(up to 50mA) should not appreciably shift VREF. Parasitic re-

sistance between the LM4030 and the load introduces a

voltage drop proportional to load current and should be min-

imized. The LM4030 should be placed as close to the load it

is driving as the layout will allow. The location of RZ is not

important, but COUT should be as close to the LM4030 as

possible so added ESR does not degrade the transient per-

formance.

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LM4030

Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted

SOT23-5 Package

NS Package Number MF05A

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LM4030

Notes

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LM4030

Notes

LM4030 SOT-23 Ultra-High Precision Shunt Voltage Reference

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