Electronics
Semiconductor Division
Features
• Excellent temperature stability — 20 ppm/
°
C
• Linear frequency sweep
• Adjustable duty cycle — 0.1% to 99.9%
• Two or four level FSK capability
• Wide sweep range — 1000:1 min.
• Logic compatible input and output levels
• Wide supply voltage range —
±
4V to
±
13V
• Low supply sensitivity
±
0.15%/V
• Wide frequency range — 0.01 Hz to 1 MHz
• Simultaneous triangle and squarewave outputs
Applications
• FSK generation
• Voltage and current-to-frequency conversion
• Stable phase-locked loop
• Waveform generation triangle, sawtooth, pulse,
squarewave
• FM and sweep generation
Description
The RC2207 is a monolithic voltage-controlled oscillator
(VCO) integrated circuit featuring excellent frequency
stability and a wide tuning range. The circuit provides
simultaneous triangle and squarewave outputs over a
frequency range of 0.01 Hz to 1 MHz. It is ideally suited for
FM, FSK and sweep or tone generation as well as for
phase-locked loop applications.
As shown in the Block Diagram, the circuit is comprised of
four functional blocks: a variable-frequenc y oscillator which
generates the basic periodic waveforms; four current
switches actuated by binary keying inputs; and buffer
amplifiers for both the triangle and squarewave outputs.
The internal switches transfer the oscillator current to any
of four external timing resistors to produce four discrete
frequencies which are selected according to the binary logic
levels at the keying terminals (pins 8 and 9).
The RC2207 has a typical drift specification of 20 ppm/
°
C.
The oscillator frequency can be linearly swept o v er a 1000:1
range with an external control voltage; and the duty cycle of
both the triangle and the squarewave outputs can be varied
from 0.1% to 99.9% to generate stable pulse and sawtooth
waveforms.
RC2207
Voltage Controlled Oscillator
Rev. 1.0.0
Block Diagram
A1
A2
VCO
TIMING CAPACITOR
TIMING RESISTORS
R1-R4
CURRENT
SWITCH
TRIANGLE WAVE OUTPUT
BINARY KEY INPUTS
SQUARE WAVE OUTPUT
–VS
65-2207-01
RC2207 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
2
Pin Assignments
Pin Descriptions
Pin Name Pin Number Pin Function Description
Bias for Single
Supply 11 For single supply operations, pin 11 should be externally biased to a
potential between +V
S
/3 and +V
S
/2 (see Figure 8). The bias current at pin
11 is nominally 5% of the total oscillation timing current I
T
.
Binary Keying
Inputs 8, 9 The internal impedance at these pins is approximately 5 k
Ω
. Keying levels
are <1.4V for zero and > 3V for one logic levels referenced to the DC voltage
at pin 10.
Ground 10 For split supply operation, this pin serves as circuit ground. For single supply
operation, pin 10 should be AC grounded through a 1
µ
F bypass capacitor.
During split supply operation, a ground current of 2 I
T
flows out of this
terminal, where I
T
is the total timing current.
Squarewave
Output 13 The squarewave output at pin 13 is an open-collector stage capable of
sinking up to 20 mA of load current. R
L
serves as a pull-up load resistor for
this output. Recommended values for R
L
range from 1 k
Ω
to 10 k
Ω
Supply Voltage
(+V
S
, –V
S
)1, 12 The RC2207 is designed to operate over a power supply range of +4V to
±
13V for split supplies, or 8V to 26V for single supplies. At high supply
voltages, the frequency sweep range is reduced. Performance is optimum
for
±
6V, or 12V single supply operation.
Timing Capacitor 2, 3 The oscillator frequency is inversely proportional to the timing capacitor, C.
The minimum capacitance value is limited by stray capacitances and the
maximum value by physical size and leakage current considerations.
Recommended values range from 100 pF to 100
µ
F. The capacitor should
be non-polarized.
Timing Resistors
(R1–R4) 4–7 The timing resistors determine the total timing current, I
T
, available to
charge the timing capacitor. Values for timing resistors can range from 1.5
k
Ω
to 2 M
Ω
; however, for optimum temperature and power supply stability,
recommended values are 4 k
Ω
to 200 k
Ω
. To avoid parasitic pick up, timing
resistor leads should be kept as short as possible. For noise environments,
unused or deactivated timing terminals should be bypassed to ground
through 0.1
µ
F capacitors. Otherwise, they may be left open.
Trianglewave
Output 14 The output at pin 14 is a trianglewave with a peak swing of approximately
one-half of the total supply voltage. Pin 14 has a very low output impedance
of 10
Ω
and is internally protected against short circuits.
Notice that the triangle waveform linearity is sensitive to parasite coupling
between the square and the trianglewave outputs (pins 13 and 14). In board
layout or circuit wiring, care should be taken to minimize stray wiring
capacitance between those pins.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
65-2207-02
Binary
Keying
Inputs
GND
Bias
Squarewave Output
Trianglewave Output
+VS
Timing
Capacitor
Timing
Resistors
R1
R2
R3
R4
+VS
PRODUCT SPECIFICATION RC2207
3
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Thermal Characteristics
Parameter Min. Max. Units
Supply Voltage +26 V
Storage Temperature Range -65 +150 V
Operating Temperature Range -55 +125
°
C
Lead Soldering Temperature (60 seconds) +300
°
C
Ceramic DIP SOIC Plastic DIP
Maximum Juncton Temperature +175
°
C +125
°
C +125
°
C
Maximum P
D
T
A
< 50
°
C 1042 mW 300 mW 468 mW
Thermal Resistance,
θ
JC
60
°
C/W 60
°
C/W 60
°
C/W
Thermal Resistance,
θ
JA
120
°
C/W 200
°
C/W 160
°
C/W
For T
A
> 50
°
C Derate at 8.33 mW/
°
C 5.0 mW/
°
C 6.25 mW/
°
C
RC2207 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
4
Electrical Characteristics
(Test Circuit of Figure 1, V
S
=
±
6V, T
A
= +25
°
C, C = 5000 pF, R1= R2 = R3 = R4 = 20 k
Ω
, R
L
= 4.7
Ω
binary inputs
grounded, S1 and S2 closed unless otherwise specified)
Note:
1. Guaranteed by design.
Parameters Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Units
General Characteristics
Supply Voltage Single Supply See Typical Performance
Characteristics +8.0 +12 +26 V
Split Supplies
±
4
±
6
±
13 V
Supply Current Single Supply Measured at pin 1,
S1 open (See Fig. 8) 5.0 7.0 mA
Split
Supplies Positive Measured at pin 1,
S1 open (See Fig. 7) RC2207 5.0 7.0 mA
RM2207 8.0
Negative Measured at pin 12,
S1, S2 open RC2207 7.0 mA
RM2207 4.0 6.0
Binary Keying Inputs
Switching Threshold Measured at pins 8 and 9.
Refer to pin 10. 1.4 2.2 2.8 V
Input Resistance 5.0 k
Ω
Oscillator Section—Frequency Characteristics
Upper Frequency Limit C = 500 pF, R3 = 2 k
Ω
0.5 1.0 MHz
Lower Practical Frequency C = 50
µ
F, R3 = 2 k
Ω
0.01 Hz
Frequency Accuracy
±
1.0
±
3.0 % of f
0
Frequency Matching 0.5 % of f
0
Frequency
Stability vs. Temperature (Note 1) 0
°
C < T
A
< +70
°
C 20 50 ppm/
°
C
vs. Supply Voltage 0.15 %/V
Sweep Range R3 = 1.5 k
Ω
for f
H
R3 = 2 M
Ω
for f
L
1000:1 3000:1 f
H
/f
L
Sweep Linearity C = 5000 pF
10:1 Sweep
1
f
H
= 10 kHz, f
L
= 1 kHz 1.0 2.0 %
1000:1 Sweep f
H
= 100 kHz, f
L
= 100 Hz 5.0 %
FM Distortion
±
10% FM Deviation 0.1 %
Recommended Range of Timing Resistors See Characteristic Curves 1.5 2000 k
Ω
Impedance at Timing Pins Measured at pins 4, 5, 6, or 7 75
Ω
DC Level at Timing Terminals 10 mV
Output Characteristics
Triangle output Amplitude Measured at pin 14 4 6 V
P-P
Impedance 10
Ω
DC Level Referenced to pin 10 +100 mV
Linearity from 10% to 90% of swing 0.1 %
Squarewave
Output Amplitude Measured at pin 13,
S2 Closed 11 12 V
P-P
Saturation Voltage Referenced to pin 12 0.2 0.4 V
Rise Time CL ≤ 10 pF 200 ns
Fall Time CL ≤ 10 pF 20 ns
PRODUCT SPECIFICATION RC2207
5
Typical Performance Characteristics
Figure 1. Typical Operating Range for Figure 2. Frequency Accuracy vs. Timing Resistance
Split Supply Voltage
Figure 3. Recommended Timing Resistor Value vs. Figure 4. Normalized Frequency Drift vs.
Power Supply Voltage Supply Voltage
Figure 5. Pulse and Sawtooth Outputs Figure 6. Normalized Frequency Drift vs. Temperature
,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,
65-2207-03
Typical
Operating
Range
+25
+20
+15
+10
+5
00 -5 -10 -15 -20
Negative Supply (V)
Positive Supply (V)
65-2207-04
VS = +6V
C = 5000 pF
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-71K 10K 100K 1M 10M
Timing Resistance (Ω)
Frequency Accuracy (% Error)
,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,
Timing
Resistor
Range
TA = +25°C
Total Timing Resistor (Ω)
Split Supply Voltage (V)
Single Supply Voltage (V)
65-2207-05
04 81216
0 8 16 24 32
10M
1M
100K
10K
1K
1RT = Parallel Combination of Activated Timing Resistors
Normalized Frequency Drift
Split Supply Voltage (V)
Single Supply Voltage (V)
65-2207-06
2
1.04
1.02
1.00
0.98
0.96
0.94
0.92
486101214
48 1412 18 20 22
RT = 2 MΩRT = 20 kΩ
RT = 200 kΩ
RT = 2 kΩ
TA = +20°C
RT = Total Timing Resistance
C = 5000 pF
65-2207-07
-50-75 0-25 +25 +75+50 +125+100
65-2207-08
Temperature (°C)
Normalized Frequency Drift (%)
+2
+1
0
-1
-2
-3
VS = +6V
C = 5000 pF 2 MΩ
200 kΩ
2 kΩ
4 kΩ
R = 2 kΩ
4 kΩ
2 kΩ
20 kΩ
200 kΩ
2 MΩ
RC2207 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
6
Applications Information
Precautions
The following precautions should be observed when
operating the RC2207 family of integrated circuits:
• Pulling excessive current from the timing terminals will
adversely af fect the temperature stability of the circuit. To
minimize this disturbance, it is recommended that the
total current drawn from pins 4, 5, 6 and 7 be limited to <6
mA. In addition, permanent damage to the device may
occur if the total timing current exceeds 10 mA.
• Terminals 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 have very low internal
impedance and should, therefore, be protected from
accidental shorting to ground or the supply voltages.
• The keying logic pulse amplitude should not exceed the
supply voltage.
Split Supply Operation
Figure 7 is the recommended circuit connection for split
supply operation. The frequency of operation is determined
by the timing capacitor (C) and the activated timing resistors
(R1 through R4). The timing resistors are activated by the
logic signals at the binary keying inputs (pins 8 and 9), as
shown in Table 1. If a single timing resistor activated, the
frequency is 1/RC.
Otherwise, the frequency is either 1/(R1| |R2)C or
1/(R1| |R4)C.
Table 1. Logic Tab le f or Binary Ke ying Controls
Note:
1. For single supply operation, logic levels are referenced to
voltage at pin 10.
The squarewave output is obtained at pin 13 and has a
peak-to-peak voltage swing equal to the supply voltages.
This output is an open-collector type and requires an
external pull-up load resistor (nominally 5 kΩ) to the posi-
tive supply. The triangle waveform obtained at pin 14 is cen-
tered about ground and has a peak amplitude of +VS/2.
The circuit operates with supply voltages ranging from ±4V
to it ±13V. Minimum drift occurs with ±6V supplies.
Single Supply Operation
The circuit should be interconnected as shown in Figure 8
for single supply operation. Pin 12 should be grounded, and
pin 11 biased from +VS through a resisti ve di vider to a v alue
of bias voltage between +VS/3 and +VS/2. Pin 10 is
bypassed to ground through a 0.1µF capacitor.
Logic
Level Selected
Timing
Pins Frequency Definitions89
0 6 f1 f1 = 1/R3C ∆f1 = 1/R4C
0 1 6 & 7 f1 + ∆f1f2 = 1/R2C,
∆f2 = 1/R1C
1 0 5 f2 Logic levels:
0 = Ground
14 &5 f2 + f∆2 Logic levels: 1 = ≥3V
Figure 7. Test Circuit for Split Supply Operation
65-2207-09
-VS
12
S1
6
R3
7
R4
4
R1
5
R2
RL
9812 3 13
14 Trianglewave
Output
Squarewave
Output
S2
C+VS
+VS
0.1 µF
RC2207
Device
Under Test
Binary Keying
Inputs
10
11
0.1 µF
IS+
IS-
Note: This circuit is for Bench Tests only. DC testing is normally performed
with automated test equipment using an equivalent circuit.
PRODUCT SPECIFICATION RC2207
7
For single supply operation, the DC v oltage at pin 10 and the
timing terminals (pins 4 through 7) are equal and approxi-
mately 0.6V abov e VB, the bias voltage at pin 11 . The logic
levels at the binary keying terminals are referenced to the
voltage at pin 10.
On-Off Keying
The RC2207 can be keyed on and of f by simply acti v ating an
open circuited timing pin. Under certain conditions, the cir-
cuit may exhibit v ery lo w frequenc y (<1 Hz) residual oscilla-
tion in the off state due to internal bias current. If this effect
is undesirable, it can be eliminated by connecting a 10 MΩ
resistor from pin 3 to + VS.
Frequency Control (Sweep and FM)
The frequency of operation is controlled by varying the total
timing current, IT, drawn from the activated timing pin 4, 5,
6 or 7. The timing current can be modulated by applying a
control voltage, VC, to the activated timing pin through a
series resistor RC as shown in Figure 9.
For split supply operation, a negative control voltage, VC,
applied to the circuit of Figure 9 causes the total timing
current, IT, and the frequency, to increase.
As an example, in the circuit of Figure 9, the binary keying
inputs are grounded. Therefore, only timing pin 6 is
activated.
The frequency of operation determined by:
Pulse and Sawtooth Operation
The duty cycle of the output wa v eforms can be controlled by
frequency shift keying at the end of every half cycle of
oscillator output. This is accomplished by connecting one or
both of the binary keying inputs (pin 8 or 9) to the square-
wave output at pin 13. The output waveforms can then be
converted to positive or negative pulses and sawtooth
waveform.
Figure 10 is the recommended circuit connection for duty
cycle control. Pin 8 is shorted to pin 13 so that the circuit
switches between the 0 0 and the 1 0 logic states given in
Table 1. Timing pin 5 is activated when the output is high,
and pin 6 is activated when the squarewave output goes to a
low state.
The duty cycle of the output waveforms given as:
and can be varied from 0.1% to 99.9% by proper choice of
timing resistors. The frequency of oscillation, f, is given as:
The frequency can be modulated or swept without changing
the duty cycle by connecting R2 and R3 to a common control
voltage VC instead of to -VS. The sawtooth and the pulse
output waveforms are shown in the Typical Performance
Characteristics Graphs.
f1
R3CB
--------------- 1VCR3
RC
()V
C
–()
----------------------------–Hz=
Duty Cycle R2
R2 R3+
---------------------=
f2
C
---- 1
R2 R3+
---------------------
=
Figure 8. Test Circuit for Single Supply Operation
65-2207-10
+VS
12
5.1K
S1
6
R3
7
R4
4
R1
5
R2
RL
9812 3 13
14 Trianglewave
Output
Squarewave
Output
S2
C+VS
+VS
0.1 µF
RC2207
Device
Under Test
Binary Keying
Inputs
10
11
0.1 µF
3.9K
IS
RC2207 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
8
Figure 9. Frequency Sweep Operation Figure 10. Pulse and Sawtooth Generation
5
R2
6
R3
12
10
9
8 13 14
Pulse
Output +VS
4.7K
Sawtooth
Output
65-2207-12
-VSCO
RC2207
65-2207-11
VC
ICIT
R3 IO
RC
-VS
12 8 9
CB
RC2207
PRODUCT SPECIFICATION RC2207
9
Mechanical Dimensions
14-Lead SOIC
A .053 .069 1.35 1.75
Symbol Inches
Min. Max. Min. Max.
Millimeters Notes
A1 .004 .010 0.10 0.25
.020 0.51
B .013 0.33
C .008 .010 0.19 0.25
E .150 .158 3.81 4.01
e.228 .244 5.79 6.20
.010 .020 0.25 0.50
H.050 BSC 1.27 BSC
h
L .016 .050 0.40 1.27
0°8°0°8°
3
6
5
2
2
N14 14
α
ccc .004 0.10——
D .336 .345 8.54 8.76
Notes:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Dimensioning and tolerancing per ANSI Y14.5M-1982.
"D" and "E" do not include mold flash. Mold flash or protrusions
shall not exceed .010 inch (0.25mm).
"L" is the length of terminal for soldering to a substrate.
Terminal numbers are shown for reference only.
"C" dimension does not include solder finish thickness.
Symbol "N" is the maximum number of terminals.
14 8
17
D
AA1
– C –
ccc C
LEAD COPLANARITY
SEATING
PLANE
eBL
h x 45°C
α
EH
RC2207 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
10
Mechanical Dimensions (continued)
14-Lead Plastic DIP
D
B1
e
B
E1
A1
A
L
7
814
1
E
eB
C
D1
A — .210 — 5.33
Symbol Inches
Min. Max. Min. Max.
Millimeters Notes
A1 .015 — .38 —
.022 .56
B .014 .36
.195 4.95
A2 .115 2.93
B1 .045 .070 1.14 1.78
D .725 .795 18.42 20.19
.300 .325 7.62 8.26
E
eB — .430 — 10.92
.115 .200 2.92 5.08
4
2
e.100 BSC 2.54 BSC 2
L14 14 5
N
.240 .280 6.10 7.11
E1
C .008 .015 .20 .38
D1 .005 — .13 —
Notes:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Dimensioning and tolerancing per ANSI Y14.5M-1982.
"D" and "E1" do not include mold flashing. Mold flash or protrusions
shall not exceed .010 inch (0.25mm).
Terminal numbers are shown for reference only.
"C" dimension does not include solder finish thickness.
Symbol "N" is the maximum number of terminals.
PRODUCT SPECIFICATION RC2207
11
Mechanical Dimensions (continued)
14-Lead Ceramic DIP
A — .200 — 5.08
Symbol Inches
Min. Max. Min. Max.
Millimeters Notes
b1 .014 .023 .36 .58
.065 1.65
b2 .045 1.14
c1 .008 .015 .20 .38
E .220 .310 5.59 7.87
e.100 BSC 2.54 BSC
L .125 .200 3.18 5.08
.015 .060 .38 1.52
.005 — .13 — 3
6
8
4
8
2
4
5, 9
eA .300 BSC 7.62 BSC 7
Q
s1 90°105°90°105°
α
D — .785 — 19.94
Notes:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Index area: a notch or a pin one identification mark shall be located
adjacent to pin one. The manufacturer's identification shall not be
used as pin one identification mark.
The minimum limit for dimension "b2" may be .023 (.58mm) for leads
number 1, 7, 8 and 14 only.
Dimension "Q" shall be measured from the seating plane to the base
plane.
This dimension allows for off-center lid, meniscus and glass overrun.
The basic pin spacing is .100 (2.54mm) between centerlines. Each
pin centerline shall be located within ±.010 (.25mm) of its exact
longitudinal position relative to pins 1 and 14.
Applies to all four corners (leads number 1, 7, 8, and 14).
"eA" shall be measured at the center of the lead bends or at the
centerline of the leads when "α" is 90°.
All leads – Increase maximum limit by .003 (.08mm) measured at the
center of the flat, when lead finish applied.
Twelve spaces.
NOTE 1
D
E
s1 814
71
b2
Q
A
e
b1
L
eA
c1
α
PRODUCT SPECIFICATION RC2207
6/97 0.0m
Stock# DS30002207
© Raytheon Company 1997
The information contained in this data sheet has been carefully compiled; however, it shall not by implication or otherwise become part of the
terms and conditions of any subsequent sale. Raytheon’s liability shall be determined solely by its standard terms and conditions of sale.
No representation as to application or use or that the circuits are either licensed or free from patent infringement is intended or implied.
Raytheon reserves the right to change the circuitry and any other data at any time without notice and assumes no liability for errors.
LIFE SUPPORT POLICY:
Raytheon’s products are not designed for use in life support applications, wherein a failure or malfunction of the component can reasonably
be expected to result in personal injury. The user of Raytheon components in life support applications assumes all risk of such use and
indemnifies Raytheon Company against all damages.
Raytheon Electronics
Semiconductor Division
350 Ellis Street
Mountain View, CA 94043
650.968.9211
FAX 650.966.7742
Ordering Information
Note:
1./883B suffix denotes MIL-STD-883, Level B processing
Part Number Package Operating Temperature Range
RC2207M 14 Lead SOIC 0°C to +70°C
RC2207N 14 Lead Plastic DIP 0°C to +70°C
RV2207M 14 Lead SOIC -25°C to +85°C
RV2207N 14 Lead Plastic DIP -25°C to +85°C
RM2207D 14 Lead Ceramic DIP -55°C to +125°C
RM2207D/883B 14 Lead Ceramic DIP -55°C to +125°C
